Estonia

Summary
Estonia is considered one of the most digitally advanced countries worldwide and exhibits a medium level of digital dependence. Its DDI value increased from 0.61 in 2010 to 0.71 in 2020, before declining to 0.64 in 2023, suggesting a reversal of the previous trend. Platform dependency is a notable exception: with a value of 0.66 in 2010 and 2011, Estonia was among the most digitally independent countries in our database. However, this value rose sharply to 0.97 in 2012 and has remained just below 1.0 ever since. In bilateral trade in ICT goods, Estonia is relatively dependent on China but exceptionally independent of the United States, with its dependence reaching a low of 0.03 in 2020.

Policies
Estonia did not introduce a large variety of dependence-related policies between 2020 and 2026, but it did update its national cybersecurity strategy, titled “Cyber- Conscious Estonia”, in 2024. With the overall goal of a strong resilience within Estonia’s digital services, the updated strategy primarily wants to push digital ecosystem upgrades in the spheres of security and defence.